Sutra 4.1-4.34
1. Sutra 4.1: जन्मौषधिमन्त्रतपःसमाधिजाः सिद्धयःTransliteration: Janma-aushadhi-mantra-tapah-samadhi-jah siddhayah
Meaning: Spiritual powers (siddhis) arise from birth, herbs, mantras, austerity, or samadhi.
Siddhis can be attained through innate qualities, external aids (like herbs), sacred sounds, disciplined practices, or deep meditative absorption.
Real-Life Example: A yogi naturally gifted with intuition (from birth) enhances it through mantra meditation, experiencing heightened insight.
Exercise: Chant a simple mantra (e.g., “Om”) for 5 minutes, focusing on its vibration. Journal any shifts in awareness or intuitive clarity.
2. Sutra 4.2: जात्यन्तरपरिणामः प्रकृत्यापूरात्Transliteration: Jaty-antara-parinamah prakritya-apurat
Meaning: Transformation into another form or state occurs through the overflow of nature (prakriti).
The evolution or transformation of the mind or body results from the natural flow of prakriti’s energies.
Real-Life Example: Through yoga, someone transforms their restless mind into a calm state, reflecting prakriti’s dynamic flow.
Exercise: Practice a yoga pose for 5 minutes, observing energy flow. Meditate on transformation. Journal changes in your mental or physical state.
3. Sutra 4.3: निमित्तमप्रयोजकं प्रकृतीनां वरणभेदस्तु ततः क्षेत्रिकवत्Transliteration: Nimittam aprayojakam prakritinam varana-bhedas tu tatah kshetravat
Meaning: Incidental causes do not initiate nature’s activity, but they remove obstacles, like a farmer breaking a dam.
External practices (e.g., yoga) don’t create transformation but clear barriers, allowing prakriti’s natural flow, like water released by a farmer.
Real-Life Example: Meditation removes mental distractions, allowing natural clarity to emerge, like clearing a blocked stream.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, noting obstacles (e.g., thoughts) and letting them dissolve. Journal how this clears your mind’s natural flow.
4. Sutra 4.4: निर्माणचित्तान्यस्मितामात्रात्Transliteration: Nirmana-chittani asmita-matra
Meaning: Created minds arise solely from the sense of ego (asmita).
The ego constructs individual minds, which operate as if separate, but all stem from the same source.
Real-Life Example: Someone’s sense of “I” shapes their unique perspective, but meditation reveals a shared consciousness beneath it.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, observing thoughts tied to “I.” Reflect on shared awareness. Journal insights about ego and unity.
5. Sutra 4.5: प्रवृत्तिभेदे प्रयोजकं चित्तमेकमनेकेषाम्Transliteration: Pravrtti-bhede prayojakam chittam ekam anekesham
Meaning: One mind directs the activities of many created minds, though their functions differ.
A single consciousness underlies and influences the varied activities of individual minds.
Real-Life Example: A leader’s clear vision guides a team’s diverse actions, reflecting one mind directing many.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a single intention (e.g., peace), imagining it guiding your thoughts. Journal how this unifies your mind’s activities.
6. Sutra 4.6: तत्र ध्यानजमनाशयम्Transliteration: Tatra dhyana-jam anashayam
Meaning: Of these, the mind born of meditation is free from karmic impressions.
Minds created through meditative insight are pure, untainted by karma or latent desires.
Real-Life Example: A meditator’s focused practice yields a calm mind, free from reactive impulses, unlike ego-driven thoughts.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, focusing on pure awareness. Journal how this feels free from habitual reactions or desires.
7. Sutra 4.7: कर्माशुक्लाकृष्णं योगिनः त्रिविधमितरेषाम्Transliteration: Karma ashukla-akrishnam yoginah trividham itaresham
Meaning: The yogi’s actions are neither white (good) nor black (bad), but others’ actions are threefold (good, bad, mixed).
A yogi’s actions transcend duality, being free from attachment, while others’ actions generate karma.
Real-Life Example: A yogi acts selflessly to help others without seeking reward, unlike actions driven by desire or aversion.
Exercise: Perform a selfless act today (e.g., helping someone). Meditate for 5 minutes on acting without attachment. Journal the experience.
8. Sutra 4.8: ततस्तद्विपाकानुगुणानामेवाभिव्यक्तिः वासनानाम्Transliteration: Tatas tad-vipaka-anugunanam eva abhivyaktih vasananam
Meaning: From these actions, only those latent impressions (vasanas) manifest that correspond to their results.
Karmic actions produce impressions that ripen into experiences aligned with their nature.
Real-Life Example: Someone’s kind actions create positive tendencies, leading to harmonious experiences over time.
Exercise: Reflect on a recent action and its consequences. Meditate for 5 minutes on how it shapes your tendencies. Journal insights.
9. Sutra 4.9: जातिदेशकालव्यवहितानामप्यानन्तर्यं स्मृतिसंस्कारयोः एकरूपत्वात्Transliteration: Jati-desha-kala-vyavahitanam api anantaryam smriti-samskarayoh ekarupatvat
Meaning: Memory and impressions remain continuous despite differences in birth, place, or time, due to their identical nature.
Latent impressions (samskaras) persist across lifetimes, linking experiences through memory.
Real-Life Example: Someone feels an unexplained affinity for a place, possibly due to past-life impressions influencing present memory.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a strong memory or affinity. Reflect on its possible deeper origins. Journal any insights.
10. Sutra 4.10: तासामनादित्वं चाशिषो नित्यत्वात्Transliteration: Tasam anaditvam cha ashisho nityatvat
Meaning: These impressions are beginningless, as the desire for existence is eternal.
Samskaras are timeless, rooted in the eternal drive for life and experience.
Real-Life Example: A person’s persistent fear of failure may stem from deep, beginningless impressions carried forward unconsciously.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a recurring desire or fear. Reflect on its roots beyond this lifetime. Journal insights.
11. Sutra 4.11: हेतुफलाश्रयालम्बनैः सङ्गृहीतत्वात् तेषामभावे तदभावःTransliteration: Hetu-phala-ashraya-alambanaih sangrihitatvat tesham abhave tad-abhavah
Meaning: Impressions are held together by cause, effect, support, and objects; when these cease, the impressions vanish.
Samskaras depend on causes (actions), results (experiences), the mind (support), and objects; removing these dissolves the impressions.
Real-Life Example: By letting go of attachment to a goal, someone reduces related anxieties, dissolving the underlying impression.
Exercise: Identify a strong attachment. Meditate for 5 minutes on letting it go. Journal how this reduces related mental patterns.
12. Sutra 4.12: अतीतानागतं स्वरूपतोऽस्ति अध्वभेदात् धर्माणाम्Transliteration: Atita-anagatam svarupato asti adhva-bhedat dharmanam
Meaning: The past and future exist in their own form, due to differences in the paths of properties.
All phenomena (past, present, future) exist eternally in their essence, distinguished by their temporal states.
Real-Life Example: A meditator senses a past event’s energy lingering, understanding its essence persists beyond time.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a past event, seeing its essence in the present. Journal how it exists beyond time.
13. Sutra 4.13: ते व्यक्तसूक्ष्माः गुणात्मकाःTransliteration: Te vyakta-sukshmah gunatmakah
Meaning: These (past, present, future) are manifest or subtle and composed of the gunas.
All phenomena, whether visible or subtle, are made of the three gunas (sattva, rajas, tamas).
Real-Life Example: A yogi notices their calm (sattva) or restless (rajas) states reflect the gunas shaping their experience.
Exercise: Observe your mood for 5 minutes, identifying sattva, rajas, or tamas. Meditate on their interplay. Journal insights.
14. Sutra 4.14: परिणामैकत्वात् वस्तुतत्त्वम्Transliteration: Parinama-ekatvat vastu-tattvam
Meaning: The unity of transformations results in the reality of an object.
An object’s essence is defined by the unified sequence of its changes, rooted in the gunas.
Real-Life Example: A tree’s reality (seed to decay) is a single process, despite its changing forms, unified by its essence.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on an object’s transformations (e.g., a flower). Journal how its changes form a unified reality.
15. Sutra 4.15: वस्तुसाम्ये चित्तभेदात् तयोर्विभक्तः पन्थाःTransliteration: Vastu-samye chitta-bhedat tayor vibhaktah panthah
Meaning: Due to differences in minds, the same object is perceived differently, following distinct paths.
The same object appears differently to various minds, as perception depends on individual consciousness.
Real-Life Example: Two people view a sunset differently—one sees beauty, another indifference—based on their mental states.
Exercise: Observe an object with someone else. Meditate for 5 minutes on your differing perceptions. Journal how minds shape experience.
16. Sutra 4.16: न चैकचित्ततन्त्रं वस्तु तदप्रमाणकं तदा किं स्यात्Transliteration: Na cha eka-chitta-tantram vastu tad-apramanakam tada kim syat
Meaning: An object is not dependent on a single mind; if it were unperceived, what would it be?
Objects exist independently of any one mind’s perception, as their reality is not solely mind-dependent.
Real-Life Example: A mountain exists whether someone sees it or not, showing its independent reality beyond perception.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on an object’s existence beyond your perception. Journal how this shifts your view of reality.
17. Sutra 4.17: तदुपरागापेक्षित्वात् चित्तस्य वस्तुज्ञाताज्ञातम्Transliteration: Tad-uparaga-apekshitvat chittasya vastu jnata-ajnatam
Meaning: An object is known or unknown depending on the mind’s coloring by it.
The mind’s interaction with an object determines whether it is perceived or remains unknown.
Real-Life Example: Someone unaware of a book’s contents finds it “unknown” until their mind engages with it through study.
Exercise: Choose an unfamiliar object. Meditate for 5 minutes on how your attention reveals it. Journal how your mind colors perception.
18. Sutra 4.18: सदा ज्ञाताश्चित्तवृत्तयस्तत्प्रभोः पुरुषस्यापरिणामित्वात्Transliteration: Sada jnatah chitta-vrittayah tat-prabhoh purushasya aparinamitvat
Meaning: The activities of the mind are always known to the purusha, its master, because the purusha is unchanging.
The purusha (pure consciousness) is the eternal witness, unaffected by the mind’s fluctuations, and thus always aware of them.
Real-Life Example: During meditation, someone notices their thoughts but feels a steady awareness observing them, reflecting the unchanging purusha.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, observing thoughts while identifying with the witness (purusha). Journal how this awareness feels distinct from thoughts.
19. Sutra 4.19: न तत्स्वाभासं दृश्यत्वात्Transliteration: Na tat svabhasam drishyatvat
Meaning: The mind is not self-luminous, as it is an object of perception.
Unlike the purusha, the mind lacks inherent awareness and is known only because the purusha perceives it.
Real-Life Example: A person realizes their emotions are fleeting objects observed by their deeper awareness, not their true self.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, labeling thoughts and emotions as “objects” seen by awareness. Journal how this distinguishes mind from purusha.
20. Sutra 4.20: एकसमये चोभयानवधारणम्Transliteration: Eka-samaye cha ubhaya-anavadharanam
Meaning: The mind cannot perceive both itself and external objects simultaneously.
The mind, as an object, cannot know itself and another object at the same time, as it relies on the purusha’s awareness.
Real-Life Example: While focused on a task, someone cannot simultaneously analyze their own thinking process, showing the mind’s limitation.
Exercise: Focus on an object (e.g., a candle) for 5 minutes, then try to observe your mind simultaneously. Journal the challenge and role of awareness.
21. Sutra 4.21: चित्तान्तरदृश्ये बुद्धिबुद्धेरतिप्रसङ्गः स्मृतिसङ्करश्चTransliteration: Chittantara-drishye buddhi-buddher atiprasangah smriti-sankarash cha
Meaning: If one mind were perceived by another, there would be an infinite regress of minds and confusion of memory.
The mind cannot be known by another mind without leading to an endless chain of perceivers, so only the purusha perceives.
Real-Life Example: Someone trying to analyze their thoughts with more thoughts becomes confused, realizing only pure awareness resolves clarity.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, noticing thoughts without analyzing them. Journal how letting go of mental layers reveals pure awareness.
22. Sutra 4.22: चितेरप्रतिसंक्रमायास्तदाकारापत्तौ स्वबुद्धिसंवेदनम्Transliteration: Chiter apratisamkramayah tad-akara-apattao sva-buddhi-samvedanam
Meaning: The unchanging consciousness (purusha), assuming the form of the mind, knows the mind’s activities.
The purusha, though unmoving, reflects the mind’s content, enabling self-awareness through the mind’s operations.
Real-Life Example: A meditator feels their awareness “lights up” thoughts, like a mirror reflecting images without changing itself.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, visualizing awareness as a mirror reflecting thoughts. Journal how this clarifies the purusha’s role.
23. Sutra 4.23: द्रष्टृदृश्योपरक्तं चित्तं सर्वार्थम्Transliteration: Drashtri-drishya-uparaktam chittam sarvartham
Meaning: The mind, colored by both the seer (purusha) and the seen (objects), perceives all things.
The mind, influenced by the purusha’s awareness and external objects, serves as the medium for all perception.
Real-Life Example: Someone perceives a flower through their mind, shaped by both their inner awareness and the flower’s qualities.
Exercise: Observe an object for 5 minutes, noting how your mind bridges your awareness and the object. Journal the interplay of seer and seen.
24. Sutra 4.24: तदसङ्ख्येयवासनाभिश्चित्रमपि परार्थं संहत्यकारित्वात्Transliteration: Tad asankhyeya-vasanabhih chitram api parartham samhatya-karitvat
Meaning: Though colored by countless impressions, the mind exists for the sake of another (purusha), as it operates in conjunction.
The mind, filled with diverse impressions, serves the purusha’s purpose of experience or liberation, not its own.
Real-Life Example: A person’s varied thoughts and habits ultimately serve their deeper quest for meaning or freedom, not just mental activity.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on why your thoughts arise, focusing on their service to awareness. Journal insights on the mind’s purpose.
25. Sutra 4.25: विशेषदर्शिनः आत्मभावभावनाविनिवृत्तिःTransliteration: Vishesha-darshinah atma-bhava-bhavana-vinivrittih
Meaning: For one who sees the distinction, reflection on the self’s existence ceases.
Realizing the difference between the mind and purusha ends identification with the ego or self-concept.
Real-Life Example: A meditator stops identifying as their thoughts or roles, recognizing their true self as pure consciousness.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, distinguishing thoughts from awareness. Journal how this reduces identification with the ego.
26. Sutra 4.26: तदा विवेकनिम्नं कैवल्यप्राग्भारं चित्तम्Transliteration: Tada viveka-nimnam kaivalya-prag-bharam chittam
Meaning: Then, the mind, inclined toward discrimination, gravitates toward liberation (kaivalya).
With discernment, the mind naturally turns toward the realization of pure consciousness and freedom.
Real-Life Example: Through practice, someone’s mind shifts from chasing desires to seeking inner peace, aligning with liberation.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on discerning mind from purusha. Reflect on liberation as the goal. Journal your mind’s inclination.
27. Sutra 4.27: तच्छिद्रेषु प्रत्ययान्तराणि संस्कारेभ्यःTransliteration: Tach-chidreshu pratyaya-antarani samskarebhyah
Meaning: In the gaps of discrimination, other thoughts arise from latent impressions.
Even in a discerning mind, old impressions can cause distracting thoughts to emerge.
Real-Life Example: During meditation, a yogi’s focused mind is briefly disrupted by a random memory, showing latent impressions at work.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, noting distracting thoughts. Reflect on their source. Journal how you return to discernment.
28. Sutra 4.28: हानमेषां क्लेशवदुक्तम्Transliteration: Hanam esham klesha-vad uktam
Meaning: The removal of these impressions is like that of the afflictions (kleshas).
Eliminating latent impressions follows the same process as overcoming kleshas (ignorance, ego, etc., Sutra 2.3).
Real-Life Example: Through consistent meditation, someone reduces habitual fears, similar to dissolving old thought patterns.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a recurring thought, visualizing its dissolution like a klesha. Journal the process of release.
29. Sutra 4.29: प्रसङ्ख्यानेप्यकुसीदस्य सर्वथा विवेकख्यातेर्धर्ममेघः समाधिःTransliteration: Prasankhyane api akusidasya sarvatha viveka-khyater dharma-meghah samadhih
Meaning: For one disinterested even in higher knowledge, constant discriminative discernment leads to dharma-megha samadhi (cloud of virtue).
This advanced samadhi arises from complete detachment and discernment, purifying the mind fully.
Real-Life Example: A yogi, unattached to spiritual insights, experiences profound peace and clarity, as if a “cloud of virtue” envelops them.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, letting go of desire for knowledge or results. Journal any sense of pure, virtuous clarity.
30. Sutra 4.30: ततः क्लेशकर्मनिवृत्तिःTransliteration: Tatah klesha-karma-nivrittih
Meaning: From this, afflictions (kleshas) and karma cease.
Dharma-megha samadhi eliminates the root causes of suffering and karmic cycles.
Real-Life Example: A meditator feels free from reactive emotions and compulsive actions, experiencing inner freedom.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on freedom from reactions or desires. Journal how this reduces mental or karmic burdens.
31. Sutra 4.31: तदा सर्वं आवरणमलापेतस्य ज्ञानस्यानन्त्याज्ज्ञेयमल्पम्Transliteration: Tada sarvam avarana-mala-apetasya jnanasya anantyat jneyam alpam
Meaning: Then, with all veils and impurities removed, knowledge becomes infinite, and little remains to be known.
In this state, the mind’s limitations dissolve, revealing boundless wisdom with minimal objects left to know.
Real-Life Example: A yogi experiences universal understanding during meditation, feeling that all questions dissolve into infinite awareness.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on boundless awareness. Journal how this reduces the need to “know” more.
32. Sutra 4.32: ततः कृतार्थानां परिणामक्रमसमाप्तिर्गुणानाम्Transliteration: Tatah kritarthanam parinama-krama-samaptir gunanam
Meaning: Then, the gunas, having fulfilled their purpose, cease their transformations.
With their role complete (providing experience or liberation), the gunas no longer influence the mind, ending their cycles.
Real-Life Example: A practitioner feels free from mental fluctuations, as sattva, rajas, and tamas no longer dominate their experience.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, observing the gunas’ influence fading. Journal how this feels like freedom from mental cycles.
33. Sutra 4.33: क्षणप्रतियोगी परिणामापरान्तनिर्ग्राह्यः क्रमःTransliteration: Kshana-pratiyogi parinama-aparanta-nirgrahyah kramah
Meaning: The sequence of transformations, corresponding to moments, is perceived at the end of change.
The flow of time and change is understood as a series of moments, fully realized at the culmination of transformation.
Real-Life Example: A meditator perceives life’s events as fleeting moments, gaining clarity on the nature of time and change.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on the present moment, noting its fleeting nature. Journal insights on time and transformation.
34. Sutra 4.34: पुरुषार्थशून्यानां गुणानां प्रतिप्रसवः कैवल्यं स्वरूपप्रतिष्ठा वा चितिशक्तिरितिTransliteration: Purusha-artha-shunyanam gunanam pratiprasavah kaivalyam svarupa-pratishtha va chiti-shaktir iti
Meaning: Liberation (kaivalya) is the return of the gunas to their source, devoid of purpose for the purusha, or the establishment of consciousness in its own nature.
In kaivalya, the gunas dissolve, no longer serving the purusha, and pure consciousness abides in itself, free from prakriti.
Real-Life Example: A lifelong yogi experiences pure being, free from desires or mental fluctuations, embodying kaivalya’s boundless freedom.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on pure consciousness, letting go of all mental activity. Journal how this reflects ultimate freedom.
Meaning: Spiritual powers (siddhis) arise from birth, herbs, mantras, austerity, or samadhi.
Siddhis can be attained through innate qualities, external aids (like herbs), sacred sounds, disciplined practices, or deep meditative absorption.
Real-Life Example: A yogi naturally gifted with intuition (from birth) enhances it through mantra meditation, experiencing heightened insight.
Exercise: Chant a simple mantra (e.g., “Om”) for 5 minutes, focusing on its vibration. Journal any shifts in awareness or intuitive clarity.
2. Sutra 4.2: जात्यन्तरपरिणामः प्रकृत्यापूरात्Transliteration: Jaty-antara-parinamah prakritya-apurat
Meaning: Transformation into another form or state occurs through the overflow of nature (prakriti).
The evolution or transformation of the mind or body results from the natural flow of prakriti’s energies.
Real-Life Example: Through yoga, someone transforms their restless mind into a calm state, reflecting prakriti’s dynamic flow.
Exercise: Practice a yoga pose for 5 minutes, observing energy flow. Meditate on transformation. Journal changes in your mental or physical state.
3. Sutra 4.3: निमित्तमप्रयोजकं प्रकृतीनां वरणभेदस्तु ततः क्षेत्रिकवत्Transliteration: Nimittam aprayojakam prakritinam varana-bhedas tu tatah kshetravat
Meaning: Incidental causes do not initiate nature’s activity, but they remove obstacles, like a farmer breaking a dam.
External practices (e.g., yoga) don’t create transformation but clear barriers, allowing prakriti’s natural flow, like water released by a farmer.
Real-Life Example: Meditation removes mental distractions, allowing natural clarity to emerge, like clearing a blocked stream.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, noting obstacles (e.g., thoughts) and letting them dissolve. Journal how this clears your mind’s natural flow.
4. Sutra 4.4: निर्माणचित्तान्यस्मितामात्रात्Transliteration: Nirmana-chittani asmita-matra
Meaning: Created minds arise solely from the sense of ego (asmita).
The ego constructs individual minds, which operate as if separate, but all stem from the same source.
Real-Life Example: Someone’s sense of “I” shapes their unique perspective, but meditation reveals a shared consciousness beneath it.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, observing thoughts tied to “I.” Reflect on shared awareness. Journal insights about ego and unity.
5. Sutra 4.5: प्रवृत्तिभेदे प्रयोजकं चित्तमेकमनेकेषाम्Transliteration: Pravrtti-bhede prayojakam chittam ekam anekesham
Meaning: One mind directs the activities of many created minds, though their functions differ.
A single consciousness underlies and influences the varied activities of individual minds.
Real-Life Example: A leader’s clear vision guides a team’s diverse actions, reflecting one mind directing many.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a single intention (e.g., peace), imagining it guiding your thoughts. Journal how this unifies your mind’s activities.
6. Sutra 4.6: तत्र ध्यानजमनाशयम्Transliteration: Tatra dhyana-jam anashayam
Meaning: Of these, the mind born of meditation is free from karmic impressions.
Minds created through meditative insight are pure, untainted by karma or latent desires.
Real-Life Example: A meditator’s focused practice yields a calm mind, free from reactive impulses, unlike ego-driven thoughts.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, focusing on pure awareness. Journal how this feels free from habitual reactions or desires.
7. Sutra 4.7: कर्माशुक्लाकृष्णं योगिनः त्रिविधमितरेषाम्Transliteration: Karma ashukla-akrishnam yoginah trividham itaresham
Meaning: The yogi’s actions are neither white (good) nor black (bad), but others’ actions are threefold (good, bad, mixed).
A yogi’s actions transcend duality, being free from attachment, while others’ actions generate karma.
Real-Life Example: A yogi acts selflessly to help others without seeking reward, unlike actions driven by desire or aversion.
Exercise: Perform a selfless act today (e.g., helping someone). Meditate for 5 minutes on acting without attachment. Journal the experience.
8. Sutra 4.8: ततस्तद्विपाकानुगुणानामेवाभिव्यक्तिः वासनानाम्Transliteration: Tatas tad-vipaka-anugunanam eva abhivyaktih vasananam
Meaning: From these actions, only those latent impressions (vasanas) manifest that correspond to their results.
Karmic actions produce impressions that ripen into experiences aligned with their nature.
Real-Life Example: Someone’s kind actions create positive tendencies, leading to harmonious experiences over time.
Exercise: Reflect on a recent action and its consequences. Meditate for 5 minutes on how it shapes your tendencies. Journal insights.
9. Sutra 4.9: जातिदेशकालव्यवहितानामप्यानन्तर्यं स्मृतिसंस्कारयोः एकरूपत्वात्Transliteration: Jati-desha-kala-vyavahitanam api anantaryam smriti-samskarayoh ekarupatvat
Meaning: Memory and impressions remain continuous despite differences in birth, place, or time, due to their identical nature.
Latent impressions (samskaras) persist across lifetimes, linking experiences through memory.
Real-Life Example: Someone feels an unexplained affinity for a place, possibly due to past-life impressions influencing present memory.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a strong memory or affinity. Reflect on its possible deeper origins. Journal any insights.
10. Sutra 4.10: तासामनादित्वं चाशिषो नित्यत्वात्Transliteration: Tasam anaditvam cha ashisho nityatvat
Meaning: These impressions are beginningless, as the desire for existence is eternal.
Samskaras are timeless, rooted in the eternal drive for life and experience.
Real-Life Example: A person’s persistent fear of failure may stem from deep, beginningless impressions carried forward unconsciously.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a recurring desire or fear. Reflect on its roots beyond this lifetime. Journal insights.
11. Sutra 4.11: हेतुफलाश्रयालम्बनैः सङ्गृहीतत्वात् तेषामभावे तदभावःTransliteration: Hetu-phala-ashraya-alambanaih sangrihitatvat tesham abhave tad-abhavah
Meaning: Impressions are held together by cause, effect, support, and objects; when these cease, the impressions vanish.
Samskaras depend on causes (actions), results (experiences), the mind (support), and objects; removing these dissolves the impressions.
Real-Life Example: By letting go of attachment to a goal, someone reduces related anxieties, dissolving the underlying impression.
Exercise: Identify a strong attachment. Meditate for 5 minutes on letting it go. Journal how this reduces related mental patterns.
12. Sutra 4.12: अतीतानागतं स्वरूपतोऽस्ति अध्वभेदात् धर्माणाम्Transliteration: Atita-anagatam svarupato asti adhva-bhedat dharmanam
Meaning: The past and future exist in their own form, due to differences in the paths of properties.
All phenomena (past, present, future) exist eternally in their essence, distinguished by their temporal states.
Real-Life Example: A meditator senses a past event’s energy lingering, understanding its essence persists beyond time.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a past event, seeing its essence in the present. Journal how it exists beyond time.
13. Sutra 4.13: ते व्यक्तसूक्ष्माः गुणात्मकाःTransliteration: Te vyakta-sukshmah gunatmakah
Meaning: These (past, present, future) are manifest or subtle and composed of the gunas.
All phenomena, whether visible or subtle, are made of the three gunas (sattva, rajas, tamas).
Real-Life Example: A yogi notices their calm (sattva) or restless (rajas) states reflect the gunas shaping their experience.
Exercise: Observe your mood for 5 minutes, identifying sattva, rajas, or tamas. Meditate on their interplay. Journal insights.
14. Sutra 4.14: परिणामैकत्वात् वस्तुतत्त्वम्Transliteration: Parinama-ekatvat vastu-tattvam
Meaning: The unity of transformations results in the reality of an object.
An object’s essence is defined by the unified sequence of its changes, rooted in the gunas.
Real-Life Example: A tree’s reality (seed to decay) is a single process, despite its changing forms, unified by its essence.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on an object’s transformations (e.g., a flower). Journal how its changes form a unified reality.
15. Sutra 4.15: वस्तुसाम्ये चित्तभेदात् तयोर्विभक्तः पन्थाःTransliteration: Vastu-samye chitta-bhedat tayor vibhaktah panthah
Meaning: Due to differences in minds, the same object is perceived differently, following distinct paths.
The same object appears differently to various minds, as perception depends on individual consciousness.
Real-Life Example: Two people view a sunset differently—one sees beauty, another indifference—based on their mental states.
Exercise: Observe an object with someone else. Meditate for 5 minutes on your differing perceptions. Journal how minds shape experience.
16. Sutra 4.16: न चैकचित्ततन्त्रं वस्तु तदप्रमाणकं तदा किं स्यात्Transliteration: Na cha eka-chitta-tantram vastu tad-apramanakam tada kim syat
Meaning: An object is not dependent on a single mind; if it were unperceived, what would it be?
Objects exist independently of any one mind’s perception, as their reality is not solely mind-dependent.
Real-Life Example: A mountain exists whether someone sees it or not, showing its independent reality beyond perception.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on an object’s existence beyond your perception. Journal how this shifts your view of reality.
17. Sutra 4.17: तदुपरागापेक्षित्वात् चित्तस्य वस्तुज्ञाताज्ञातम्Transliteration: Tad-uparaga-apekshitvat chittasya vastu jnata-ajnatam
Meaning: An object is known or unknown depending on the mind’s coloring by it.
The mind’s interaction with an object determines whether it is perceived or remains unknown.
Real-Life Example: Someone unaware of a book’s contents finds it “unknown” until their mind engages with it through study.
Exercise: Choose an unfamiliar object. Meditate for 5 minutes on how your attention reveals it. Journal how your mind colors perception.
18. Sutra 4.18: सदा ज्ञाताश्चित्तवृत्तयस्तत्प्रभोः पुरुषस्यापरिणामित्वात्Transliteration: Sada jnatah chitta-vrittayah tat-prabhoh purushasya aparinamitvat
Meaning: The activities of the mind are always known to the purusha, its master, because the purusha is unchanging.
The purusha (pure consciousness) is the eternal witness, unaffected by the mind’s fluctuations, and thus always aware of them.
Real-Life Example: During meditation, someone notices their thoughts but feels a steady awareness observing them, reflecting the unchanging purusha.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, observing thoughts while identifying with the witness (purusha). Journal how this awareness feels distinct from thoughts.
19. Sutra 4.19: न तत्स्वाभासं दृश्यत्वात्Transliteration: Na tat svabhasam drishyatvat
Meaning: The mind is not self-luminous, as it is an object of perception.
Unlike the purusha, the mind lacks inherent awareness and is known only because the purusha perceives it.
Real-Life Example: A person realizes their emotions are fleeting objects observed by their deeper awareness, not their true self.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, labeling thoughts and emotions as “objects” seen by awareness. Journal how this distinguishes mind from purusha.
20. Sutra 4.20: एकसमये चोभयानवधारणम्Transliteration: Eka-samaye cha ubhaya-anavadharanam
Meaning: The mind cannot perceive both itself and external objects simultaneously.
The mind, as an object, cannot know itself and another object at the same time, as it relies on the purusha’s awareness.
Real-Life Example: While focused on a task, someone cannot simultaneously analyze their own thinking process, showing the mind’s limitation.
Exercise: Focus on an object (e.g., a candle) for 5 minutes, then try to observe your mind simultaneously. Journal the challenge and role of awareness.
21. Sutra 4.21: चित्तान्तरदृश्ये बुद्धिबुद्धेरतिप्रसङ्गः स्मृतिसङ्करश्चTransliteration: Chittantara-drishye buddhi-buddher atiprasangah smriti-sankarash cha
Meaning: If one mind were perceived by another, there would be an infinite regress of minds and confusion of memory.
The mind cannot be known by another mind without leading to an endless chain of perceivers, so only the purusha perceives.
Real-Life Example: Someone trying to analyze their thoughts with more thoughts becomes confused, realizing only pure awareness resolves clarity.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, noticing thoughts without analyzing them. Journal how letting go of mental layers reveals pure awareness.
22. Sutra 4.22: चितेरप्रतिसंक्रमायास्तदाकारापत्तौ स्वबुद्धिसंवेदनम्Transliteration: Chiter apratisamkramayah tad-akara-apattao sva-buddhi-samvedanam
Meaning: The unchanging consciousness (purusha), assuming the form of the mind, knows the mind’s activities.
The purusha, though unmoving, reflects the mind’s content, enabling self-awareness through the mind’s operations.
Real-Life Example: A meditator feels their awareness “lights up” thoughts, like a mirror reflecting images without changing itself.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, visualizing awareness as a mirror reflecting thoughts. Journal how this clarifies the purusha’s role.
23. Sutra 4.23: द्रष्टृदृश्योपरक्तं चित्तं सर्वार्थम्Transliteration: Drashtri-drishya-uparaktam chittam sarvartham
Meaning: The mind, colored by both the seer (purusha) and the seen (objects), perceives all things.
The mind, influenced by the purusha’s awareness and external objects, serves as the medium for all perception.
Real-Life Example: Someone perceives a flower through their mind, shaped by both their inner awareness and the flower’s qualities.
Exercise: Observe an object for 5 minutes, noting how your mind bridges your awareness and the object. Journal the interplay of seer and seen.
24. Sutra 4.24: तदसङ्ख्येयवासनाभिश्चित्रमपि परार्थं संहत्यकारित्वात्Transliteration: Tad asankhyeya-vasanabhih chitram api parartham samhatya-karitvat
Meaning: Though colored by countless impressions, the mind exists for the sake of another (purusha), as it operates in conjunction.
The mind, filled with diverse impressions, serves the purusha’s purpose of experience or liberation, not its own.
Real-Life Example: A person’s varied thoughts and habits ultimately serve their deeper quest for meaning or freedom, not just mental activity.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on why your thoughts arise, focusing on their service to awareness. Journal insights on the mind’s purpose.
25. Sutra 4.25: विशेषदर्शिनः आत्मभावभावनाविनिवृत्तिःTransliteration: Vishesha-darshinah atma-bhava-bhavana-vinivrittih
Meaning: For one who sees the distinction, reflection on the self’s existence ceases.
Realizing the difference between the mind and purusha ends identification with the ego or self-concept.
Real-Life Example: A meditator stops identifying as their thoughts or roles, recognizing their true self as pure consciousness.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, distinguishing thoughts from awareness. Journal how this reduces identification with the ego.
26. Sutra 4.26: तदा विवेकनिम्नं कैवल्यप्राग्भारं चित्तम्Transliteration: Tada viveka-nimnam kaivalya-prag-bharam chittam
Meaning: Then, the mind, inclined toward discrimination, gravitates toward liberation (kaivalya).
With discernment, the mind naturally turns toward the realization of pure consciousness and freedom.
Real-Life Example: Through practice, someone’s mind shifts from chasing desires to seeking inner peace, aligning with liberation.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on discerning mind from purusha. Reflect on liberation as the goal. Journal your mind’s inclination.
27. Sutra 4.27: तच्छिद्रेषु प्रत्ययान्तराणि संस्कारेभ्यःTransliteration: Tach-chidreshu pratyaya-antarani samskarebhyah
Meaning: In the gaps of discrimination, other thoughts arise from latent impressions.
Even in a discerning mind, old impressions can cause distracting thoughts to emerge.
Real-Life Example: During meditation, a yogi’s focused mind is briefly disrupted by a random memory, showing latent impressions at work.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, noting distracting thoughts. Reflect on their source. Journal how you return to discernment.
28. Sutra 4.28: हानमेषां क्लेशवदुक्तम्Transliteration: Hanam esham klesha-vad uktam
Meaning: The removal of these impressions is like that of the afflictions (kleshas).
Eliminating latent impressions follows the same process as overcoming kleshas (ignorance, ego, etc., Sutra 2.3).
Real-Life Example: Through consistent meditation, someone reduces habitual fears, similar to dissolving old thought patterns.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on a recurring thought, visualizing its dissolution like a klesha. Journal the process of release.
29. Sutra 4.29: प्रसङ्ख्यानेप्यकुसीदस्य सर्वथा विवेकख्यातेर्धर्ममेघः समाधिःTransliteration: Prasankhyane api akusidasya sarvatha viveka-khyater dharma-meghah samadhih
Meaning: For one disinterested even in higher knowledge, constant discriminative discernment leads to dharma-megha samadhi (cloud of virtue).
This advanced samadhi arises from complete detachment and discernment, purifying the mind fully.
Real-Life Example: A yogi, unattached to spiritual insights, experiences profound peace and clarity, as if a “cloud of virtue” envelops them.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, letting go of desire for knowledge or results. Journal any sense of pure, virtuous clarity.
30. Sutra 4.30: ततः क्लेशकर्मनिवृत्तिःTransliteration: Tatah klesha-karma-nivrittih
Meaning: From this, afflictions (kleshas) and karma cease.
Dharma-megha samadhi eliminates the root causes of suffering and karmic cycles.
Real-Life Example: A meditator feels free from reactive emotions and compulsive actions, experiencing inner freedom.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on freedom from reactions or desires. Journal how this reduces mental or karmic burdens.
31. Sutra 4.31: तदा सर्वं आवरणमलापेतस्य ज्ञानस्यानन्त्याज्ज्ञेयमल्पम्Transliteration: Tada sarvam avarana-mala-apetasya jnanasya anantyat jneyam alpam
Meaning: Then, with all veils and impurities removed, knowledge becomes infinite, and little remains to be known.
In this state, the mind’s limitations dissolve, revealing boundless wisdom with minimal objects left to know.
Real-Life Example: A yogi experiences universal understanding during meditation, feeling that all questions dissolve into infinite awareness.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on boundless awareness. Journal how this reduces the need to “know” more.
32. Sutra 4.32: ततः कृतार्थानां परिणामक्रमसमाप्तिर्गुणानाम्Transliteration: Tatah kritarthanam parinama-krama-samaptir gunanam
Meaning: Then, the gunas, having fulfilled their purpose, cease their transformations.
With their role complete (providing experience or liberation), the gunas no longer influence the mind, ending their cycles.
Real-Life Example: A practitioner feels free from mental fluctuations, as sattva, rajas, and tamas no longer dominate their experience.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes, observing the gunas’ influence fading. Journal how this feels like freedom from mental cycles.
33. Sutra 4.33: क्षणप्रतियोगी परिणामापरान्तनिर्ग्राह्यः क्रमःTransliteration: Kshana-pratiyogi parinama-aparanta-nirgrahyah kramah
Meaning: The sequence of transformations, corresponding to moments, is perceived at the end of change.
The flow of time and change is understood as a series of moments, fully realized at the culmination of transformation.
Real-Life Example: A meditator perceives life’s events as fleeting moments, gaining clarity on the nature of time and change.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on the present moment, noting its fleeting nature. Journal insights on time and transformation.
34. Sutra 4.34: पुरुषार्थशून्यानां गुणानां प्रतिप्रसवः कैवल्यं स्वरूपप्रतिष्ठा वा चितिशक्तिरितिTransliteration: Purusha-artha-shunyanam gunanam pratiprasavah kaivalyam svarupa-pratishtha va chiti-shaktir iti
Meaning: Liberation (kaivalya) is the return of the gunas to their source, devoid of purpose for the purusha, or the establishment of consciousness in its own nature.
In kaivalya, the gunas dissolve, no longer serving the purusha, and pure consciousness abides in itself, free from prakriti.
Real-Life Example: A lifelong yogi experiences pure being, free from desires or mental fluctuations, embodying kaivalya’s boundless freedom.
Exercise: Meditate for 5 minutes on pure consciousness, letting go of all mental activity. Journal how this reflects ultimate freedom.
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